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Inorganic Coagulants for Solid-Liquid Separation | Aluminum Sulfate (Alum), Sodium Aluminate, Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC)
Aluminum Sulfate (Alum)
Aluminum sulfate(Alum) is a widely used inorganic coagulant applied in wastewater treatment processes for coagulation and floc formation.
It destabilizes suspended solids and promotes particle aggregation, supporting effective solid-liquid separation in clarification systems for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment.
Key Features
- Provides effective coagulation performance compared to ferric salt-based products
- Stable and consistent floc formation in wastewater treatment systems
- Available in solid form for adaptable storage and dosing conditions
- Stable storage characteristics for flexible handling and long-term use
Sodium Aluminate
Sodium aluminate supports coagulation and pH control in wastewater treatment where stable pH conditions are required for effective treatment performance. It increases pH by supplying alkalinity while promoting floc formation and particle aggregation, enabling solid-liquid separation in clarification systems.
Key Features
- Acts as both a coagulant and pH-adjusting agent
- Increases pH by supplying alkalinity
- Suitable for low pH or acidic wastewater conditions
- Applicable as an alternative to Polyaluminum-based coagulants in specific treatment conditions
Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) and Modified PAC Series
PAC coagulants are advanced inorganic coagulants designed with enhanced polymerization to improve coagulation and flocculation performance in wastewater treatment processes. These advanced PAC coagulants provide improved turbidity removal, faster floc formation, and reduced chemical dosage in industrial wastewater treatment and water purification applications.
The Modified PAC Coagulant Series consists of PAC-based inorganic coagulants further engineered with additional functionalities such as activated silica, high basicity control, pH adjustment capability, and treatment-specific performance including turbidity removal and fluoride removal.
Together, these coagulants are structured as distinct product types with specific performance characteristics. Within each product type, multiple grades are available, allowing further adjustment based on concentration, basicity, and application requirements.
Key Features by Product Type
| Products | Manufacturing Features | Performance |
|---|---|---|
| PAC (Polyaluminum Chloride) | Improved PAC with enhanced polymerization process Higher polymerization degree Optimized reactivity for wastewater treatment | Reduced dosage Improved coagulation efficiency Faster floc formation Stable performance in industrial wastewater treatment |
| PACS1 | PAC-based coagulant with activated silica Enhanced polymer structure for coagulation and flocculation processes | Faster floc growth Improved turbidity removal Enhanced solid-liquid separation |
| PACS2 | High-basicity PAC-based inorganic coagulant (≥60%) Optimized polymer structure for advanced coagulation technology | High efficiency turbidity removal Reduced residual aluminum Stable performance in high turbidity and low alkalinity conditions |
| PACS-L | Modified PAC coagulant designed for high alkalinity water pH reduction capability in water treatment processes | Improved coagulation efficiency Reduced chemical dosage Effective phosphorus removal in industrial wastewater treatment |
| PACSMB | Advanced PAC-based coagulant synthesized under controlled conditions Silica and alumina-based polymer structure | 10–20% higher turbidity removal than standard PAC Fast floc formation and settling Stable performance across wide pH range |
| PACE | Specialized PAC-based inorganic coagulant optimized for fluoride removal Controlled alkalinity and particle structure | Improved fluoride removal efficiency (~20%+) Reduced dosage Faster floc formation and sedimentation |
Biological Nutrient Additives
Biological nutrient additives enhance anaerobic microbial activity and improve sludge digestion efficiency in wastewater treatment systems. LPR Global supplies microbial nutrient formulations that serve as essential feedstock for anaerobic bacteria and microorganisms involved in biological treatment processes. These additives maintain stable treatment performance by promoting the breakdown of organic matter under varying influent conditions. Compared to systems without supplementation, facilities using microbial nutrients typically show improved biological treatment stability.
Key Features
- Designed to support anaerobic bacterial and microbial metabolism
- Enhances biological sludge digestion in treatment systems
- Effective under nutrient-limited or variable influent conditions
- Applicable to anaerobic reactors in municipal and industrial wastewater facilities
For TDS and SDS for specific grades, please contact us at [email protected].
Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) Oxidizing Agent for Water Treatment and Environmental Remediation
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a powerful oxidizer widely used as an industrial oxidizing agent in water treatment and environmental remediation applications. In particular, hydrogen peroxide solution operates through active oxygen chemistry and decomposes into water and oxygen after reaction, making it a highly effective and environmentally compatible solution for industrial wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment, and soil and groundwater remediation.
In water treatment systems, hydrogen peroxide performs oxidation reactions for contaminant removal and microbial control. For example, through its active oxygen chemistry, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes organic contaminants, converts dissolved metals into removable forms, and oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds that cause odor in water systems. In addition, hydrogen peroxide functions as an oxidizing biocide that helps control microbial growth and biofilm formation in water systems.
LPR Global supplies hydrogen peroxide solutions in concentration grades from 30% to 70%, iincluding standard grades for general industrial use, technical grades designed for specific applications, Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide serves a wide range of industries beyond water treatment and environmental remediation, including semiconductor wafer cleaning processes, pulp and paper processing, textile processing, and food processing, where strong oxidation chemistry and high-purity processing chemicals are required.
Key Functions of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution in Water Treatment
Organic Contaminant Oxidation
Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes dissolved organic pollutants present in wastewater streams. This oxidation reduces overall organic loading in water, typically measured through parameters such as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), and TOC (Total Organic Carbon).
Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Oxidation for Odor Control
In wastewater systems, dissolved hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a primary source of odor formation. Through oxidation reactions, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) converts H₂S into elemental sulfur (S) or sulfate (SO₄²⁻), eliminating the characteristic rotten-egg odor and improving air quality around wastewater collection and treatment systems.
Iron (Fe²⁺) and Manganese (Mn²⁺) Oxidation for Metal Removal
Dissolved iron (Fe²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺) react with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which oxidizes these metals into higher oxidation states and forms insoluble iron hydroxides and manganese oxides. Water treatment systems then remove these oxidized particles through filtration, clarification, or sedimentation processes.
Microbial and Biofilm Control in Water Systems
Hydrogen peroxide functions as a strong oxidizing biocide that generates reactive oxygen species capable of damaging microbial cell membranes, proteins, and intracellular enzymes. This oxidative reaction breaks down protective biofilm matrices and reduces microbial populations present in industrial water systems.
Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) for Organic Contaminant Degradation
In AOP systems, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) that oxidize a wide range of organic contaminants, including refractory and persistent compounds that resist conventional biological or chemical treatment processes.
Supplemental Oxygen Supply for Biological Treatment
When hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) decomposes, it releases molecular oxygen (O₂), increasing dissolved oxygen levels in wastewater treatment systems and supporting aerobic microbial activity in biological treatment processes.
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Properties
LPR Global supplies aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions in several concentration grades to meet different industrial application requirements. The most commonly supplied grades include hydrogen peroxide 35 %, 50 %, 60 %, and 70 % solutions.
| Chemical name | Hydrogen peroxide | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical structure |  |
|||
| Molecular mass | 34.0147 g/mole | |||
| Appearance | Clear, transparent liquid | |||
| Color | Clear, colorless | |||
| Odor | Pungent odor | |||
| Solubility | Miscible in all proportions with water | |||
| CAS No. | 7722-84-1 | |||
| EINECS No. | 231-765-0 | |||
| RTECS No. | MX0900000 | |||
| Concentration | 35% | 50% | 60% | 70% |
| Active oxygen, % | 16.5 | 23.5 | 28.2 | 32.9 |
| Apparent pH | 2.0 ~ 3.0 | 1.0 ~ 2.0 | 1.0 ~ 3.0 | 0 ~ 1.0 |
| Boiling point, °C | 108 | 114 | 119 | 126 |
| Freezing point, °C | -33 | -51 | -55 | -38 |
| Vapor pressure (30 °C, mmHg) | 23 | 18 | 14 | 11 |
Hydrogen Peroxide Grades and Product Classification
Standard Grades
Standard hydrogen peroxide uses stabilized formulations and serves general industrial applications such as pulp and paper bleaching, textile bleaching, environmental oxidation, and chemical processing.
Technical Grades
Technical hydrogen peroxide supports specific applications, including chemical synthesis, reagent use, food processing, and wastewater treatment processes where higher stability is required.
Specialty Grades (High-Purity)
Specialty hydrogen peroxide serves high-purity applications such as semiconductor and electronics manufacturing, where advanced purification and contamination control are required. These grades support wet cleaning processes such as RCA cleaning.
Hydrogen Peroxide Applications in Water Treatment
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
In industrial wastewater treatment plants handling high-strength effluents from chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper, textile, and food processing industries, hydrogen peroxide is introduced in equalization basins or chemical oxidation units where complex pollutants and inhibitory compounds must be stabilized before downstream treatment. In these stages, refractory organics and toxic compounds present in industrial wastewater are partially oxidized to reduce toxicity and improve compatibility with subsequent biological treatment processes.
Municipal Wastewater Treatment
In municipal wastewater treatment plants, hydrogen peroxide is applied at headworks or preliminary treatment stages where sulfide-containing wastewater is oxidized before primary and biological treatment. This treatment helps control odor and maintain stable operating conditions in municipal wastewater treatment facilities.
Drinking Water Treatment
Drinking water treatment plants introduce hydrogen peroxide during pre-oxidation or UV-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) stages to treat trace organic contaminants and support odor control. As a chlorine-free oxidant that decomposes into water and oxygen, hydrogen peroxide helps minimize the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products in drinking water treatment systems.
Cooling and Process Water Treatment
In industrial cooling towers and recirculating process water systems, hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing biocide that controls microbial growth and disrupts biofilm layers developing on heat exchanger and piping surfaces. This treatment helps maintain microbiological stability in cooling water circuits and supports control of microorganisms including Legionella in industrial water systems.
Groundwater Remediation
In contaminated soil and aquifer systems, hydrogen peroxide is used in in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) processes where organic contaminants present in groundwater are oxidized and degraded. This remediation process is commonly applied to treat hydrocarbons, solvents, and other persistent organic pollutants in groundwater environments.
Hydrogen Peroxide Applications in Other Industries
In addition to water treatment, hydrogen peroxide solution is widely used across multiple industries due to its versatile oxidation chemistry. As a strong industrial oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide functions as a disinfectant for microbial control, an environmentally compatible bleaching agent in pulp, paper, and textile processing, and a clean oxidizer in semiconductor and food processing applications where high-purity processing chemicals are required.
- Pulp and Paper Industry
- Textile Industry
- Semiconductor Manufacturing
- Food Processing
- Environmental Remediation
Cooling Water Treatment Chemicals – Scale Inhibitors, Corrosion Inhibitors, and Microbial Control Additives
Industrial water treatment chemicals for cooling systems are formulated to control mineral scaling, corrosion, and microbial growth in both open-loop and closed-loop systems. Among these, scale inhibitors are used to suppress calcium carbonate and phosphate precipitation in open cooling towers. Corrosion inhibitors protect metal surfaces through film-forming or ion-dispersing mechanisms, while microbial control additives prevent biofilm accumulation and bacterial slime formation in recirculating systems.
Formulations are selected based on system configuration, water hardness, operating temperature, and chemical loading requirements, helping extend equipment life, maintain thermal efficiency, and reduce downtime caused by fouling.
Scale Inhibitors
Scale inhibitors are used to prevent the formation and deposition of mineral scale, particularly calcium carbonate and phosphate-based compounds, on heat-transfer surfaces in cooling water systems. These formulations are effective in open-loop environments, where scale buildup is common due to evaporation and water concentration cycles. Selection depends on water hardness, system pH, operating temperature, and compatibility with other chemical treatments.
Key Features
- Prevents scale formation in both open-loop systems
- Effective in high pH and high-water hardness conditions
- Suitable for use with copper and carbon steel components
- Helps maintain heat transfer efficiency and reduce cleaning frequency
- Compatible with corrosion and microbial control additives
Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion inhibitors protect metal surfaces such as carbon steel, copper, and aluminum from oxidative degradation in cooling water systems. Film-forming and dispersive formulations are used to minimize surface attack by creating a physical barrier or interfering with electrochemical corrosion reactions. These treatments reduce the risk of pitting, galvanic interaction, and under-deposit corrosion, extending equipment life and maintaining long-term thermal efficiency. Product selection is based on system metallurgy, water chemistry, temperature, and flow characteristics.
Key Features
- Provides protection for carbon steel, copper, and aluminum surfaces
- Reduces pitting, under-deposit, and galvanic corrosion risks
- Compatible with scale inhibitors and biocides
- Offers both film-forming and dispersive corrosion protection mechanisms
- Suitable for high-temperature and variable-flow conditions
Microbial Control Additives
Microbial growth in cooling water systems leads to biofilm formation, reduced heat exchange efficiency, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides control bacteria, algae, and fungi in both open and closed-loop cooling systems. These biocides are selected based on system exposure, organic load, and environmental regulations. Balanced formulations provide rapid microbial knockdown and sustained residual activity, ensuring stable microbial control while minimizing chemical overuse.
Key Features
- Controls biofilm formation and microbial-induced corrosion (MIC)
- Effective against bacteria, algae, and fungi
- Suitable for open and closed-loop cooling water systems
- Compatible with most scale and corrosion inhibitors
- Available in broad-spectrum formulations for industrial and HVAC applications
For TDS and SDS for specific grades, please contact us at [email protected].
Boiler Water Treatment Chemicals – pH Control chemicals, Oxygen Scavengers and Sludge Dispersion
Boiler water treatment chemicals are critical for maintaining boiler integrity and achieving high-pressure boiler protection in industrial steam systems. This category includes pH control chemicals for pH stabilization in feedwater and condensate lines, descaling chemicals for scale prevention and boiler cleaning, oxygen scavengers for oxygen removal and corrosion inhibition, and sludge dispersants that enhance sludge dispersion and thermal efficiency improvement.
Formulated to support blowdown optimization and condensate line protection, these treatments help reduce downtime, extend equipment life, and maintain stable operating conditions. Our boiler water treatment chemicals are designed for use in fire-tube, water-tube, and other high-temperature steam systems requiring reliable condensate treatment and feedwater conditioning
pH Control Chemicals
pH control chemicals regulate boiler feedwater and condensate alkalinity to prevent acidic corrosion caused by carbonic acid. Our amine-based formulations maintain proper pH in condensate lines without the need for supplemental neutralizing agents. These treatments are essential for preserving boiler integrity, especially in high-pressure systems where steam cycling accelerates material degradation. Amine-based pH control chemicals reduce corrosion rates, enhance system longevity, and improve overall boiler performance by preventing under-deposit corrosion in return piping networks.
Key Features
- Stabilizes pH in condensate and feedwater systems
- Prevents carbonic acid-induced corrosion in return lines
- Maintains system integrity under variable steam load
- Compatible with oxygen scavengers and sludge dispersants
- Suitable for high-pressure industrial boiler operations
Descaling Chemicals
Descaling chemicals are designed to dissolve and remove mineral scale and corrosion byproducts from boiler internals, improving heat transfer efficiency and protecting equipment. This category includes multi-functional phosphate-based agents that combine deoxidizing, dispersing, and corrosion inhibition, as well as specialty formulations differentiated by molybdenum content to optimize targeted cleaning performance. Powder-type formulations offer scale prevention and corrosion protection in a convenient solid form. Product selection depends on system fouling severity, water chemistry, and operational requirements, ensuring effective cleaning and long-term system reliability.
Key Features
- General-purpose product available combining cleaning, dispersing, and deoxidizing
- Removes mineral scale and corrosion byproducts
- Powder form available for specific scale control applications
- Enhances thermal efficiency and reduces energy costs
- Suitable for various boiler types and industries
Oxygen Scavengers and Sludge Dispersants
Oxygen scavengers and sludge dispersants play vital roles in protecting boiler systems from corrosion and fouling. Specifically, they eliminate dissolved oxygen using various chemical types, including amines, hydrazine, hydrazine substitutes (non-hydrazine alternatives), and quinone or sulfite compounds. These treatments inhibit oxidative corrosion, pitting, and metal degradation in high-temperature steam systems.
Sludge dispersants utilize complex formulations designed to disperse suspended solids and suppress the formation of hard inorganic scale deposits on heat-transfer surfaces. Consequently, this dispersion improves boiler cleanliness, enhances thermal conductivity, and reduces maintenance downtime. Formulations are carefully selected based on system pressure, metallurgy, water chemistry, and operational conditions to optimize protection and operational efficiency.
Key Features
- Employs amine, hydrazine, hydrazine substitute, and quinone/sulfite-based oxygen scavengers
- Effectively removes dissolved oxygen to prevent corrosion and pitting
- Utilizes complex sludge dispersants for suspension of solids and scale suppression
- Enhances thermal efficiency by maintaining clean heat-transfer surfaces
- Suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature industrial boiler systems
For TDS and SDS for specific grades, please contact us at [email protected].
Silicon and Non-silicon Based Defoaming Agents for Foam Knockdown, High pH Stability, and Surface Tension Control
Industrial defoamers efficiently eliminate surface foam and prevent refoaming in chemically harsh and mechanically agitated environments. Silicone-based defoamers provide excellent chemical stability and rapidly knock down foam in high-temperature and high-pH systems. In contrast, non-silicone defoamers such as alcohol- and ester-based formulations operate in applications where silicone compatibility is limited, delivering effective foam control across a broader range of chemical environments.
As a result, these defoamers improve process reliability, enhance phase separation, and stabilize throughput in aeration tanks, circulation loops, and high- peed mixing operations.
Silicone Based Defoamers
Silicone based defoamers are highly effective in high pH, high temperature, and mechanically agitated systems. Their unique surface-active properties enable rapid foam collapse and long-lasting prevention of foam recurrence. They maintain stability under extreme process conditions and exhibit low surface tension for enhanced spreading on foam films. Common applications include cooling towers, paper mills, and industrial wastewater systems where they improve system efficiency and reduce downtime caused by foam related issues.
Key Features
- Exceptional stability under extreme pH and temperature conditions
- Rapid foam knockdown with persistent control
- Low surface tension for effective spreading on foam films
- Ideal for high shear, turbulent, and mechanically agitated environments
Non-Silicone Defoamers – Alcohol Based and Ester Based
Non-silicone defoamers primarily consist of alcohol and ester compounds that provide effective foam suppression in systems where silicone use is restricted or incompatible. These defoamers are essential alternatives in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, coatings, and chemical wastewater treatment where silicone residues are restricted or could negatively affect product quality and process performance.
Alcohol based defoamers offer rapid foam knockdown and broad chemical compatibility while ester based defoamers provide superior emulsification and spreading properties. These formulations are ideal for diverse industrial applications, especially in environments with strong acids or bases and where compatibility with various chemical agents is required.
Key Features
- Effective foam knockdown in silicone incompatible systems
- Broad chemical resistance across various pH and temperature ranges
- Enhances liquid solid separation efficiency and process throughput
- Suitable for wastewater treatment, chemical processing, and industrial mixing